This kind of breakout board is like a rotary switch, it internally routes the common pin (COM in the schematic, SIG on the board) to one of 16 channel pins (CHANxx). It works with both digital and analog signals (the voltage can’t be higher than VCC), and connects functions in either direction. It connects 4 digital outputs to the chip’s address select pins (S0-S3), and send what you want base on the binary address of the channel (see the datasheet for details).
Features
Use it to pipe TTL-level serial data to or from multiple devices
This chip can be used to connect 16 analog sources (like sensors) to 5 pins on a microcontroller
4 of the pins must be digital pins, 1 pin must be an analog to digital conversion pin
Specification
2V to 6V operation
“On” resistance: 70 Ohms @ 4.5V
6ns break-before-make @ 4.5V
Wide operating temperature range: -55C to 125C
Package list
High Speed Analog/Digital MUX Breakout - CD74HC4067 for Arduino with 16 channels x1